Bibliography

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

All but about fifty of the following resources were studied during the course of writing this book. The ones described below that were not studied are included because of their value to the reader who may wish to explore certain subjects further. Because of the length of the bibliography, it has been divided into subjects to make it more useful for teachers, students, and the general public. Categorizing this material has been challenging because some of it could go under more than one heading. I have tried to use the heading most appropriate for each item. It took me some time to track down photographs in the public domain related to slavery and the Jim Crow era. For that reason, I am including information on such photographs so others can have easy access to them. Photographs on the Library of Congress website that are available for downloading are believed by the LOC to be in the public domain. In the “rights advisory” section related to such photographs the LOC usually states, “no known restrictions on publication.” In an email to the author the LOC stated: “If [a] photo was registered with the copyright office or published before 1923, it should be out of copyright. If the photo was not registered or published, then it is protected for 70 years after the creator’s death” (January 26, 2013).

Categories used (click on a link to jump to that section):

BLACK HISTORY, BLACK WRITERS

Also see “Jim Crow Era/After Civil War,” for essays by Maya Angelou, James Baldwin, and Richard Wright.

42. Directed by Brian Helgeland. Warner Brothers, 2013, motion picture. Excellent movie about Jackie Robinson, who became the first black major league baseball player in 1947, and the racism he faced.

Ellison, Ralph. The Invisible Man. 3rd ed. New York: Random House, 1980. A classic novel, first published in 1952, about a black man’s experience in the North as well as the South.

Gates, Henry Louis Jr. Colored People: A Memoir. New York: Vintage Books, 1994. Recollections from growing up in a black community in West Virginia in the 1950s and 1960s. The sting of Jim Crow is evident but not the main focus. Gates has a keen sense of humor.

Gates, Henry Louis Jr. Life Upon These Shores: Looking at African American History, 1513-2008. New York: Knopf, 2011. An excellent overview of the subject by a renowned scholar.

Gates, Henry Louis Jr., and Nellie Y. McKay, eds. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2003. A 2,700-page volume of black literature.

Green, Meg. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.: A Biography. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2012. A reference for a footnote in Chapter 2 that concerned racism.

Malcolm X. Directed by Spike Lee. Warner Brothers, 1992, motion picture on DVD. A very powerful film starring Denzel Washington.

Marable, Manning, and Leith Mullins, eds. Let Nobody Turn us Around: An African American Anthology; Voices of Resistance, Reform, and Renewal, 2nd ed. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2009. An excellent 640-page collection of writings.

Morrison, Toni, ed. Baldwin, Collected Essays. New York: Penguin Putnam, 1998. James Baldwin (1924-1987), a black author, wrote nonfiction, novels, and plays about themes which included racial issues. “The Fire Next Time,” a very powerful essay contained in this collection, conveys the pain of the black experience in white America. Among other things it analyzes and criticizes the Black Muslim movement.

Red Tails. Directed by Anthony Hemingway. Twentieth Century Fox, 2012, motion picture. Portrays the lives of the Tuskegee Airmen, African American pilots in World War II. Demonstrates the racism they faced.

Wright, Richard. 1945. Black Boy. In Native Son/Black Boy. New York: Harper and Row, 1987. Wright’s autobiography covering his childhood and youth.

Wright, Richard. 1940. Native Son. In Native Son/Black Boy. New York: Harper and Row, 1987. A novel. In 1951, in his essay “Many Thousands Gone,” James Baldwin described Native Son as “the most powerful” statement that had been made about the meaning of being black in our country. (Baldwin, Collected Essays, 24.)

CIVIL RIGHTS

Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954-1963. New York: Touchstone, 1988. (Part of a trilogy of books by Branch, the other two books include Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years 1963-65 [New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999] and At Canaan’s Edge: America in the King Years, 1965-68 [New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007].) A very good treatment of civil rights during the years noted.

The Butler. Directed by Lee Daniels. The Weinstein Company, 2013, motion picture. After experiencing the extreme racism of the South as a boy in the 1920s, a man lives his adult life as a butler to eight presidents. A very moving story about racism and civil rights. Gives an overview of the modern Civil Rights Movement.

Ellis, Catherine, and Stephen Drury Smith, eds. Say It Loud!: Great Speeches on Civil Rights and African American Identity. New York: The New Press, 2010. Speeches by twenty three African Americans including Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Bobby Seale, Colin Powell, and Barack Obama. Includes a CD with twenty two of the speeches.

Ellis, Catherine, and Stephen Drury Smith, eds. Say It Plain: A Century of Great African American Speeches. New York: The New Press, 2005. Speeches by twenty three African Americans including Booker T. Washington, Marcus Garvey, Thurgood Marshall, Stokely Carmichael, and Martin Luther King.

Hampton, Henry. Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years 1954-1965. PBS, 2010, 3 DVDs. Outstanding six-part series originally released in 1986. Includes interviews with people who were on both sides of the issue, and photographs and films from those years, and shows the enormous sacrifices people made for freedom. Its companion book by the same title is also very good.

Hampton, Henry. Eyes on the Prize: America at the Racial Crossroads 1966-1985. PBS, 1992, eight videocassettes [VHS]. Outstanding series. Continuation of the initial series that covered 1954-1965.

We Shall Not be Moved. Directed by Bernie Hargis. GT Media, 2001, DVD. Well-done ninety minute documentary about the role of black churches in the civil rights movement. Overview of some of the main campaigns for civil rights with first-hand accounts.

Williams, Juan. Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years, 1954-1965. New York: Viking Penguin, 1987. Excellent companion book to the documentary by the same name.

CIVIL WAR

Burns, Ken. The Civil War. PBS, 1990, 6 DVDs. Outstanding nine-part series.

Cohen, Jeannie. “Civil War Deadlier Than Previously Thought?” Article published June 6, 2011. http://www.history.com/news/civil-war-deadlier-than-previously-thought?cmpid=PaidMedia_Outbrain_HIS_HITH. Discusses the research of historian J. David Hacker. Hacker who refutes the common view that approximately 620,000 soldiers died during the Civil War, concludes that the figure should probably be between 650,000 and 850,000.

Davis, Burke. Gray Fox: Robert E. Lee and the Civil War. New York: Rinehart, 1956. Overview of Lee’s Civil War years which includes information on his major battles. Like many earlier biographies of Lee, rather than give a balanced portrayal of the general’s strengths and weakness, it tends to mythologize him. Nonetheless, the book has value.

Foote, Shelby. “Men At War: An Interview with Shelby Foote.” In The Civil War, An Illustrated History, Geoffrey C. Ward, with Ric Burns, and Ken Burns, 264-273. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990. One of several articles by different historians in the book.

“FortPillow Massacre.” In Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013.http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/214150/Fort-Pillow-Massacre. (Author not cited.)

Kelly, Martin. “Battle of Gettysburg.” About.com American History, 2013.http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarbattles/a/gettysburg_one.htm.

Nolan, Alan T. Lee Considered: General Robert E. Lee and Civil War History. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1991. Examination of some of the myths that were created about General Lee after the Civil War.

Thompson, Robert. “Battle of Cold Harbor: The Folly and Horror.” Civil War Trust, 2013. http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/coldharbor/cold-harbor-history-articles/.

(From Civil War Times Magazine, historynet.com.)

“Victory From Within: Exploring the Stories of Prisoners of War.” Andersonville National Historic Site, National Park Service. Accessed May 19, 2013.http://www.nps.gov/ande/index.htm. (Author not cited.)

Ward, Geoffrey C, with Ric Burns, and Ken Burns. The Civil War, An Illustrated History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990. Companion book to Ken Burns’ monumental PBS documentary “The Civil War.” Provides an excellent overview of the war.

INDIANS (NATIVE AMERICANS)

Heizer, Robert, ed. The Destruction of California Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1974. Introduction by Albert Hurtado was added in 1993. Good treatment of the subject by a noted archaeologist. Includes a number of historic documents.

Hurtado, Albert L. Indian Survival on the California Frontier. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press, 1988. Discusses the survival of the California Indians during the trying times after white contact.

Hodge, Fredrick W. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Vol. 2. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 1979. Originally published in 1907. Classic encyclopedia of information on Native Americans.

Kidwell, Clara Sue, Homer Noley, and George E. “Tink” Tinker. A Native American Theology. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2001. Overview of Native American spirituality by three Native Americans.

Lupton, Mary Jane. James Welch: A Critical Companion. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2004. Discusses Blackfoot Indian writer James Welch and his writings.

McLuhan, T. C., ed. Touch the Earth: A Self-Portrait of Indian Existence. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1971. Beautiful collection of sayings by Indian leaders.

Murphy, Rebecca. “The Plight of the Native Americans.” Sierra Heritage, February 1998, 29-33.

Rawls, James. Indians of California: The Changing Image. Norman: University Of Oklahoma Press, 1984. Discusses the tragic history of white-Indian relations in California.

Secrest, William B., When the Great Spirit Died: the Destruction of the California Indians 1850-1860. Sanger, CA: Quill Driver Books, 2003.

Trafzer, Clifford E., and Joel R. Hyer, ed. Exterminate Them! Written Accounts of the Murder, Rape, and Enslavement of Native Americans During the California Gold Rush. East Lansing: MichiganStateUniversity Press, 1999.

JIM CROW ERA/AFTER CIVIL WAR

Also see “Black History, Black Writers,” including writings by James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison, and Richard Wright.

“Act to Reorganize the Congressional Districts of the State,” Mississippi Senate record, 1876, SB 166. An act my great-grandfather, Lt. Col. W. H. FitzGerald, voted for. It kept blacks from being elected to office.

“An Act to Provide for Leasing Out the Penitentiary and Convict Labor of the State,” Mississippi Senate record, April 7, 1876, SB 262. An act my great-grandfather, Lt. Col. W. H. FitzGerald, voted for. Between the Reconstruction era and World War II, tens of thousands of black men were imprisoned and put into the South’s convict leasing system. Essentially an extension of slavery.

Angelou, Maya. 1970. “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.” In The Best American Essays of the Century. Joyce Carol Oates, ed., 342-357. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000. Adapted from novel by same title. Describes the experience of black store owners in Arkansas. Parts of the novel can also be found in The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, Gates and McKay, eds.

Black Like Me. Directed by Carl Lerner. Video Services Corporation, 2012, motion picture on DVD. In 1959 John Howard Griffin, a white writer, was able to change his skin pigment and pass for a black man. He then traveled in the Deep South for several weeks. The 1964 movie was made into a DVD in 2002 and then re-released as a DVD by Video Services Corporation in 2012. Conveys the basic points inherent in Griffin’s book by the same title, even though the audio is not always easy to understand.

Blackmon, Douglas A. Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II. New York: Anchor Books, 2008. Pulitzer Prize-winning book detailing the leasing of tens of thousands of convicted “criminals,” almost exclusively black males, to commercial parties. The convicts were put in hundreds of forced labor camps in the South, operated by corporations, entrepreneurs, county and state governments, and farmers for crimes as petty as vagrancy. Many remained in these camps for months or years. See “Slavery by Another Name,” PBS, 2012 in this bibliography for a PBS film based on the book.

Bonastia, Christopher. Southern Stalemate, Five Years without Public Education in Prince Edward County, Virginia. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2012. Delves into PrinceEdwardCounty’s closing of its entire school system to avoid integrating.

Boyle, Sarah Patton. The Desegregated Heart: A Virginian’s Stand in Time of Transition. With a new introduction by Jennifer Ritterhouse and Boyle’s letters added in 2001. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1962. Personal journey of an aristocratic Southerner who went from holding racist views to supporting civil rights. Goes into considerable detail about learning codes of behavior related to maintaining a position of superiority when interacting with blacks, especially in first four chapters, and about her unlearning racism. The book is very insightful in this regard and offers considerable value to both white and black people. (The value to black people relates to understanding some white people.)

Chafe, William H., Raymond Gavins, and Robert Korstad, with Paul Ortiz, Robert Parrish, Jennifer Ritterhouse, Keisha Roberts, and Nicole Waligora-

Davis. Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell About Life in the Segregated South. New York: The New Press, 2001. Includes discussions related to the Jim Crow era as well as personal narratives. An important resource on the subject. Includes MP3 CD of recordings of blacks telling their experiences of Jim Crow.

Davis, James F. Who is Black?: One Nation’s Definition. University Park: PennsylvaniaStateUniversity Press, 1991. Goes into considerable detail about defining who is black in the United States. Discusses “one-drop” rule (one drop of black blood equates to being black) and Jim Crow Era.

Fears, Daryl, “Atlanta, Ready to Revisit an American Evil,” The Washington Post, January 28, 2002. Discusses a proposed exhibit related to lynching and offers some details about lynching.

Foner, Eric. A Short History of Reconstruction. New York: Harper and Row 1990. An abridged version of the author’s Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution. An overview of the subject.

Fremon, David K. The Jim Crow Laws and Racism in American History. Berkeley Heights, N.J.: Enslow Publishers, 2000. Traces the history of racial discrimination from the end of the Civil War through the Jim Crow era. For grades five through nine.

George, Charles. Life Under the Jim Crow Laws. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 2000. Gives a very good, brief overview of Jim Crow for young people grades six through nine.

Griffin, John Howard. Black Like Me. 3rd ed. New York: New American Library, 1977. In 1959 white writer John Griffin voluntarily underwent a pigment change that allowed him to pass for a black person in the deep South. This powerful book had a big impact on me. It is based on the journal Griffin kept, details his experiences in Louisiana and Mississippi. As well as making the experience of racism “real,” the book shows how destructive it is for the human personality. A movie by the same name is described in this bibliography and is available on DVD.

The Help. Directed by Tate Taylor. Dreamworks Pictures and Reliance Entertainment, 2011, motion picture. Excellent movie based on the book by the same title. A fictional story about the experience of black women working in white households in Jackson, Mississippi, in the early 1960s. Captures the essence of racism in the Deep South at the time.

In the Land of Jim Crow: Growing Up Segregated. Phoenix Learning Group Home Edition, 2008, DVD. Half-hour program offering first hand accounts of the Jim Crow experience. Very well done.

Kennedy, Stetson. Jim Crow Guide to the U.S.A.: The Laws, Customs and Etiquette Governing the Conduct of Nonwhites and Other Minorities as Second-Class Citizens. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 1990. (Also published under the title Jim Crow Guide: The Way it Was.) Using a mock guidebook format, the author accurately describes the basic rules of behavior in the Jim Crow South. Examines racism against American Indians as well as blacks, and racism in general.

Konvitz, Milton. A Century of Civil Rights. New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press, 1961. Includes a study of state laws against discrimination.

Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Harper and Row, 1960. A classic novel that depicts the black experience during the South’s Jim Crow era.

Lesher, Stephan. George Wallace: An American Populist. New York: Addison-Wesley, 1994. Interesting biography of the former governor of Alabama.

Litwack, Leon F. Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998. Very thorough treatment of life in the Jim Crow era. Throughout his 500-page book, the writer shares the experiences of many black Americans to illustrate his points.

Lord, Walter. “Mississippi: the Past that has not Died.” American Heritage, 2011. http://www.americanheritage.com/content/mississippi-past-has-not-died. Originally published in American Heritage, June 1965, vol. 16, issue 4.Focuses on white supremacy in Mississippi from the time of the Civil War to near the end of the century.

Loveland, Anne C. Lillian Smith: A Southerner Confronting the South. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986. Biography of a remarkable white person who grew up in the South during the Jim Crow era and started confronting Southern racism publicly in the early 1940s.

Moody, Anne. Coming of Age in Mississippi. New York: Laurel Book, 1968. An autobiography of a black woman from a poor family who grew up in Mississippi in the Jim Crow era.

Osborne, Linda Barrett. Miles to go for Freedom: Segregation and Civil Rights in the Jim Crow Years. New York: Abrams, 2012. Good basic overview of the Jim Crow period and the drive for civil rights. For readers age twelve and up.

Packard, Jerrold M. American Nightmare: The History of Jim Crow. New York: St. Martins Griffin, 2002. A good presentation of the Jim Crow era.

Pitts, Leonard, Jr. Freeman. Chicago: Bolden, 2012. An intense novel that gives an idea of what it was like in the South just after the war. Some whites keep former slaves in bondage while hoping to continue fighting the war, blacks try to find family members while facing violence at the hands of whites, and two Northerners face white hatred trying to start a school for blacks in the South.

“Resolutions,” Mississippi Senate record, January 6, 1876. Co-authored by my great-grandfather, Lt. Col. W. H. FitzGerald. Defended the fraudulent Mississippi election of 1875 which resulted in white supremacists taking over the state legislature.

Ritterhouse, Jennifer. Growing Up Jim Crow: How Black and White Children Learned Race. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006. Explores how children learned the expected racial behavior of the Jim Crow era.

Roy, Beth. Bitters in the Honey: Tales of Hope and Disappointment across Divides of Race and Time. Fayettevlle: University of Arkansas, 1999. Tells the story of the integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957. Based, in part, on recent interviews with whites who were students at the school at the time, the book explores reasons integration was resisted. Looks at how racism affects our lives today.

“Separate but Equal: The Law of the Land.” Separate but Not Equal: Brown vs Board of Education. SmithsonianNationalMuseum of American History. Accessed May 20, 2013. http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segregated/detail/jim-crow-laws.html. (Author not cited.) Gives nine examples of Jim Crow laws.

Slavery by Another Name. Directed by Sam Pollard. PBS, 2012, DVD. Powerful 90-minute film based on Douglas Blackmon’s Pulitzer Prize-winning bookSlavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II. Anchor, 2008. Book and film detail the leasing of tens of thousands of convicted “criminals,” who were almost exclusively black males, to commercial parties. Convicts were put in hundreds of Southern forced labor camps, operated by corporations, entrepreneurs, county and state governments, and farmers for crimes as petty as vagrancy. Many remained in these camps for months or years.

Smith, Lillian. Killers of the Dream. Revised ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 1978. First published in 1949. A critique of the pre-1960s racism in the South, including the psychological and moral cost of segregation. Smith was one of the first white Southerners to speak out against segregation in the early 1940s.

Stockett, Kathryn. The Help. New York: Penguin Group, 2009. A fictional story about the experience of black women working in white households in Jackson, Mississippi in the early 1960s. Captures the essence of racism in the Deep South during the last of the Jim Crow era. Made into a popular movie. (In California the Nevada County Reads program featured the book. Jamal Walker, Rev. Lew Powell, and I served on a panel to discuss racism in the context of the program.)

Tolnay, Stewart E., and E. M. Beck. A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1995. Thorough analysis of the subject by two sociology professors.

Valk, Anne, and Leslie Brown. Living with Jim Crow: African American Women and Memories of the Segregated South. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2010. First hand accounts. Chapters pertain to growing up under Jim Crow, gender and sexuality, working lives, institutional and cultural life, and fighting for social and political change.

Whitfield, Stephen. A Death in the Delta: The Story of Emmett Till. New York: The Free Press, 1988. Tells the story of Emmett Till, a fourteen-year-old from Chicago who was visiting relatives in Mississippi in the 1950s. Till was murdered, apparently for flirting with a white woman as a prank and displaying a picture of a white girl he had in his wallet. The two defendants charged with his murder were acquitted by an all-white jury.

Wilkerson, Isabel. The Warmth of Other Suns, the Epic Story of America’s Great Migration. New York: Vintage Books, 2010. Details the migration of blacks from the South to the North. Includes personal testimonies.

Wilkie, Curtis. Dixie: A Personal Odyssey Through Events That Shaped the Modern South. New York: Lisa Drew Book, 2001. A memoir by a writer and native Mississippian who experienced a variety of events and personalities related to the Civil Rights Movement and the Jim Crow era in the 1960s.

Woodward, C. Vann. The Strange Career of Jim Crow. New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 2002. Detailed and scholarly overview of the Jim Crow era. One of the author’s points is that segregation did not really begin to take hold until near the end of the 19th Century.

Wright, Richard. 1937. “The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: An Autobiographical Sketch.” In The Best American Essays of the Century. Joyce Carol Oates, ed., 159-170. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000. Wright’s painful experiences that taught him to appear subservient to whites in order to survive. This essay is also in The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, Gates and McKay, eds.

Zellner, Bob, with Constance Curry. The Wrong Side of Murder Creek: A White Southerner in the Freedom Movement. Montgomery, AL: New South Books, 2008. Memoir of a civil rights activist whose father and grandfather were members of the white supremacist Ku Klux Klan.

JIM CROW PHOTOGRAPHS

The following pictures from the Jim Crow era were used for Chapter 2. They are in the public domain and can be downloaded from the Library of Congress website for free. Four of them (drinking fountain, movie house, café, “we want white tenants”) were taken by photographers for the U. S. Farm Security Information from 1935 through 1944. To search for LOC photographs:http://www.loc.gov/pictures/search. Their photographs are from the “prints and photographs” division (P&P). (The photographs I used were accessed 2013.)

“A café near the tobacco market, Durham, North Carolina.” Jack Delano, May 1940. Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-129840 (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/fsa1998006213/PP/.

“Christening of smallest Klansman, Wm.[?] Stanley, 8 weeks old.” 1924. Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-23996 (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647921/.

“Detroit, Michigan. Riot at the Sojourner Truth homes, a new U.S. federal housing project, caused by white neighbors’ attempt to prevent Negro tenants from moving in. Sign with American flag ‘We want white tenants in our white community,’ directly opposite the housing project.” Arthur S. Siegel, Feb. 1942. Library of Congress, LC-USW3-016549-C (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/owi2001018484/PP/.

“Drinking fountain on the country courthouse lawn, Halifax, N.C.” John Vachon, April 1938. Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsc-00216 (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/fsa1997003218/PP/.

“Lynching of MacManus.” H. R. Farr, 1882. Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-2462 (P&P). http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012646358/. This was the only picture I could find of a lynching that was in the public domain and available at no charge. Dates on and next to the photograph were removed with Photoshop.

“Negro going in colored entrance of movie house on Saturday afternoon, Belzoni, Mississippi Delta, Mississippi.” Marion Post Wolcott, Oct.? 1939. Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-115416 (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/fsa1998013484/PP/.

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE

Abernathy, Ralph David. And The Walls Came Tumbling Down. New York: Harper and Row, 1989. Autobiography by Martin Luther King’s primary assistant.

“BostonU. Panel Finds Plagiarism by Dr. King,” The New York Times Archives, October 11, 1991. Accessed May 13, 2013.http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/11/us/boston-u-panel-finds-plagiarism-by-dr-king.html. (Author not cited.)

Carson, Clayborne, Peter Holloran, and Kris Shepard, eds. The Landmark Speeches and Sermons of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.: The Essential Box Set. Intellectual Properties Management, 2009, 15 compact discs. Approximately 16 hours of recording time. Features original recordings of 12 speeches and 12 sermons.

The FBI, COINTELPRO, and Martin Luther King, Jr., U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities. S. Rep. (1976). This publication by the Church Committee has been reprinted by Red and Black Publishers, P.O. Box 7542, St. Petersburg, FL, 33734, [email protected]. Final report of the Senate committee that investigated the FBI’s efforts to destroy Martin Luther King. It is in the public domain and can be quoted without permission.

Friedly, Michael, and David Gallen. Martin Luther King, Jr.: The FBI File. New York: Carroll and Graf, 1993. Includes 600 pages from the FBI files related to Martin Luther King.

Garrow, David. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. New York: William Morrow, 2004. One of the best books to read for information on the life of Martin Luther King as well as King’s organization, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Includes a look at the FBI campaign to destroy Martin Luther King. Garrow is a Pulitzer Prize winning author who conducted over 700 interviews for this book. 625 pages of text.

Garrow, David. The FBI and Martin Luther King. New York: Penguin, 1995. Goes into considerable detail about the FBI campaign to destroy Martin Luther King.

Horrock, Nicholas A. “Senate Intelligence Panel Told of FBI Attempt to Discredit Dr. King in 1964,” New York Times, November 19, 1975, 16. This article, as well as Horrack’s article published November 20, 1975, has detailed information about the FBI campaign to destroy Martin Luther King.

Horrock, Nicholas A. “FBI Ade Terms Effort to Vilify Dr. King Illegal,” New York Times, November 20, 1975, 1, 30.

King, Martin Luther. “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” In A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr., edited by James M. Washington, 289-302. San Francisco: Harper, 1986. King’s famous response to critics while he was in jail because of the non-violent protest at Birmingham, Alabama.

King, Martin Luther. The Strength to Love. New York: Harper and Row, 1963. Good treatise on the subject of love.

King, Martin Luther. Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. New York: Harper and Row, 1958. Detailed account of the Montgomery bus boycott.

King, Martin Luther. The Trumpet of Conscience. New York: Harper and Row, 1967. Five talks discussing the challenge of race relations, the Vietnam War, youth and social action, nonviolence and social change, and peace.

King, Martin Luther. Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community?New York: Harper and Row, 1967. Among other things, advocates different nonviolent approaches to achieving civil rights and laments white resistance to racial equality.

“Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Global Freedom Struggle: Watts Rebellion (Los Angeles, 1965).” Accessed March 12, 2013. http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_watts_rebellion_los_angeles_1965/(Author not cited.). Discusses the rioting in Watts in 1965 and King’s subsequent visit to the area.

McKnight, Gerald. The Last Crusade: Martin Luther King, Jr., the FBI, and the Poor People’s Campaign. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998. Analyses of King’s last campaign, which was completed by his organization, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, after his 1968 assassination. As well as assessing the failures of the campaign’s leaders, the book reveals the role the FBI played in undermining its effectiveness.

Oates, Stephen. Let the Trumpet Sound: A Life of Martin Luther King, Jr.New York: HarperCollins, 1994. A comprehensive and well researched biography of King that covers his life from boyhood to assassination.

Sullivan, William C. The Bureau, My Thirty Years in Hoover’s FBI. New York: W. W. Norton, 1979. Among other things, Sullivan, an FBI official who worked under Hoover, makes it clear that Martin Luther King was not a Communist.

Washington, James M. ed. A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr.. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1986. An outstanding collection of King’s writings, speeches, and all of his books.

SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE / FLETCHER DRAKE PHOTOGRAPHS

Leadership Conference. The Poor People’s Campaign, A Photographic Journal. Atlanta: Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1968. Contains photographs by my brother Fletcher Drake. Fletcher retained the copyrights to these pictures. The photographs have been used in my book with permission from my brother’s widow Nancy Drake.

PSYCHOLOGY, PERSONAL GROWTH, SPIRITUALITY, BUDDHISM, MEDITATION, MINDFULNESS

Adyashanti. Meditation retreat, Mount Madonna, Watsonville, California, August 2007.

American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Bernhard, Toni. “Benevolence Toward all Beings: Lovingkindness as a Meditation Practice,” The Elephant Journal. Article published March 20, 2012.http://www.elephantjournal.com/2012/03/benevolence-toward-all-beings-toni-bernhard/.

Bernhard, Toni. “Turning Straw Into Gold.” Psychology Today. Accessed August 8, 2013. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/turning-straw-gold/201202/lovingkindness-practice.

Berzin, Alexander. “The Berzin Archives: Explanation of Eight-Verse Attitude-Training, Session Six: Tonglen – Giving and Taking; Verse Seven Continued and Verse Eight.” Accessed August 6, 2013.http://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/archives/sutra/level3_lojong_material/specific_texts/eight_verse_attitude_training/explanation_eight_verse_attitude_tr/transcript_6.html.

Brach, Tara. Mindfulness Meditation: Nine Guided Practices to Awaken Presence and Open Your Heart. Sounds True, 2012, 2 compact discs. An excellent resource. Includes guided meditations related to being aware of thoughts, sensations, and feelings without getting lost in them; dealing with fears, dealing with pain; opening the heart (to yourself and others); forgiveness (of yourself and others); and other subjects. Includes a simple version of the Loving Kindness meditation. Influenced by Buddhism but one does not have to be a Buddhist to find the meditations of value. Brach is a clinical psychologist and well known meditation teacher.

Brach, Tara. Radical Acceptance: Embracing Your Life with the Heart of a Buddha. New York: Bantam, 2003. Based on Buddhism, has good material about learning to accept the experiences of one’s life and overcoming self-aversion. Has value whether or not one is a Buddhist.

Brach, Tara. Radical Acceptance: Guided Meditations. Sounds True, 2007, 2 compact discs. Includes nine guided meditations. They relate to being aware of thoughts, sensations, and feelings without getting lost in them; accepting what you are experiencing; accepting pain; forgiveness; inquiry into your true nature; and other subjects. Includes two variations of the Tonglen meditation. Four of the meditations have similarities to ones on the more recent Mindfulness Meditation compact disc set. Based on Buddhism but most of the meditations have a universal appeal. Supplements Brach’s book Radical Self-Acceptance, a Buddhist Guide to Freeing Yourself from Shame, but can be used alone.

Brach, Tara. Radical Self-Acceptance, a Buddhist Guide to Freeing Yourself from Shame. Sounds True, 2000, 3 compact discs. Offers excellent material related to self-acceptance and healing shame. Has value whether or not one is a Buddhist.

Brown, Brené. The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You’re Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are. Center City, Minnesota: Hazelton, 2010. Good book by one of the foremost researchers on shame.

Brown, Brené. I Thought It Was Just Me (But It Isn’t): Making the Journey from What Will People Think?” to “I Am Enough.” New York: Gotham Books, 2007. This book, by one of the foremost researchers on shame, offers suggestions for reducing its power. Based on research involving women but the main principles discussed also apply to men.

Brown, Molly Young, and Joanna Macy. Coming Back to Life: Practices to Reconnect Our Lives, Our World. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers, 1998. Includes discussions related to choosing to create a better world, overcoming apathy and despair, understanding our true nature and power, feeling gratitude, and working in groups. Intended, in part, to help readers establish a deeper connection to the earth, life, and past and future generations. Exercises and meditations included.

Carter, Christine, “Greater Happiness in 5 Minutes a Day: How to Reach Kids; Loving-Kindness Meditation.” The Main Dish. Article published September 10, 2012.http://www.greatergood.berkeley.edu/raising_happiness/post/better_than_sex_and_appropriate_for_kids.

(Center for Developing Healthy Minds, seehttp://www.investigatinghealthyminds.org/compassion.)

Chodron, Pema. Start Where You Are. Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1994. A wonderful book on embracing one’s life and developing compassion as well as a flexible mental attitude. Chodron is skilled at making Buddhist wisdom accessible for average Americans.

Chodron, Pema. Tonglen: The Path of Transformation. Edited by Tingdzin Otro. Halifax, Canada: Vajradhatu Publications, 2001. Has detailed information on the Buddhist compassion practice Tonglen compiled from different teachings of Pema Chodron’s. The most comprehensive of her teachings on the subject.

Chodron, Pema. Tonglen Intensive. Great Path Tapes, 1996, 4 cassette tapes. Gives detailed teachings about the Buddhist compassion practice called Tonglen.

Creamer, Anita. “Personal Ties Pivotal in Gay Marriage Views,” SacramentoBee, December 2, 2012.

Crouch, Ron. “Loving Kindness Meditation (Metta).” Aloha Dharma. Accessed August 9, 2013. http://www.alohadharma.wordpress.com/loving-kindness-meditation/.

Dhammarakkhita, Venerable. “Metta Bhavana: Loving-Kindness Meditation.” Buddha Dharma Education Association. Article published August 2001.http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/scrn_metta.pdf. (Author not cited.)

Dweck, Carol. Mindset: How You Can Fulfill Your Potential. London: Constable and Robinson, 2006. Dweck is a leading researcher in the social psychology, developmental psychology, and personality fields. One purpose of her book is to show different ways people praise others and the effects. An important book for parents, teachers, and business leaders.

Fisher, Marc. “Voters Seek Own Spin.” Washington Post, printed in Sacramento Bee, January 21, 2012. Shows that voters tend to seek information that reinforces what they already believe.

“Gentleness,” Open Dharma. Accessed August 9, 2013.http://www.opendharma.org/static.php?left=blue&content=teachings/instructions/heart_meditation/lovingkindnessmeditation&title=loving%20kindness%20meditation. (Author not cited.)

Glaser, Aura, A Call to Compassion: Bringing Buddhist Practices of the Heart into the Soul of Psychotherapy. Berwick, ME: Nicolas-Hays, 2005.

Glaser, Aura. “The Hidden Treasure of the Heart.” Shambala Sun. Accessed August 9, 2013. http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3106&Itemid=247.

Goldstein, Elisha. “Mindfulness at Work: An Interview with Mirabai Bush.” Mindful, November 26, 2012. http://www.mindful.org/mindful-voices/on-mental-health/mindfulness-at-work-an-interview-with-mirabai-bush.

Gyatso, Geshe Kelsang. Eight Steps to Happiness: The Buddhist Way of Loving Kindness. 3rd ed. Glen Spey, NY: Tharpa Publications, 2012.

Hanh, Thich Nhat. Anger. New York: Riverhead Books, 2001. A renowned Buddhist monk shares insights on anger.

Hanh, Thich Nhat. Peace Making, How to Do It, How to Be It. Sounds True, 2002. 2 compact discs. Insightful talk that offers a Buddhist perspective on peacemaking.

Harold and Maude. Directed by Hal Ashby. Paramount Pictures, 2000, motion picture on DVD.

Hopkins, Jeffrey, Cultivating Compassion: A Buddhist Perspective. New York: Broadway Books, 2001.

http://www.investigatinghealthyminds.org/compassion. Accessed August 30, 2014. Website for The Center for Investigating Healthy Minds at the University of Wisconsin’s WaismanCenter. Offers audio and written versions of the Loving Kindness meditation in its traditional form which can be downloaded. Doing the meditation thirty minutes a day for two weeks has been shown to increase altruistic behavior and alter the brain’s response to suffering

http://www.thework.com/index.php. Accessed June 23, 2013. Website for Byron Katie who teaches a process for questioning one’s stories and beliefs.

Isaacson, Walter. Einstein, His Life and Universe. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007.

Johnstone, Chris, and Joanna Macy. Active Hope: How to Face the Mess We’re in Without Going Crazy. Novato, CA: New World Library, 2012. Includes a focus on coming from gratitude, honoring our pain for the world, developing a wider sense of self, having faith in an inspired vision, and maintaining energy and enthusiasm.

Jung, Carl. Memories, Dreams and Reflections. New York: Random House, 1963. Insightful autobiography by one of the pioneers of modern psychology.

Kabat-Zinn, Jon. Guided Mindfulness Meditation, Series 1. Sounds True, 2005. 2 compact discs. Can help beginners establish a solid practice.

Kabat-Zinn, Jon. Mindfulness for Beginners. Music Design, 2007. 2 compact discs. Gives beginners the philosophy behind a practice and the basics for beginning one.

Kabat-Zinn, Jon. Mindfulness for Beginners: Reclaiming the Present Moment – and Your Life. Boulder, CO: Sounds True, 2011. Good for beginners.

(Katie, Byron, see: http://www.thework.com/index.php)

Katie, Byron. I Need Your Love – Is That True?: How to Stop Seeking Love, Approval, and Appreciation and Start Finding Them Instead. With Michael Katz. New York: Harmony Books, 2005. Using Katie’s inquiry method to stop needing approval.

Katie, Byron. Loving What Is: Four Questions That Can Change Your Life. With Stephen Mitchell. New York: Harmony Books, 2002. Describes Katie’s approach to questioning the stories we hold about ourselves and others. She teaches that beneath our story is only love.

Katie, Byron. “The School.” Joshua Tree, California, March 2003. “The School” is Byron Katie’s nine-day training related to her teachings.

Katz, Michael. E-mail messages to the author, August 9, 2013. Katz assisted with the writing of Byron Katie’s I Need Your Love.

Kongtrul, Jamgon. The Great Path of Awakening: The Classic Guide to Lojong, a Tibetan Buddhist Practice for Cultivating the Heart of Compassion. Translated by Ken McLeod. Boston: Shambhala Publications, 2005.

Kornfield, Jack. Meditation for Beginners. Sounds True, 2010. Compact disc. Good for beginners interested in mindfulness and meditation. Has teachings and seven guided meditations.

The Little Book of Bleeps. Hillsboro, OR: Beyond Words Publishing, 2004. Contains excerpts from the motion picture “What the Bleep Do We Know?” Quotes by two quantum physicists were referenced in Chapter 12.

Macy, Joanna. World As Lover – World As Self: Courage for Global Justice and Ecological Renewal. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 2007. Encourages us to deepen our relationship to the earth, see our connection to all life, and commit to making a positive contribution to our world. Includes spiritual practices for activists.

Merton, Thomas. “The Root of War is Fear.” In A Thomas Merton Reader, edited by T. McDonnell. New York: Doubleday, 1974.

Mlodinow, Leonard. Subliminal: How Your Unconscious Mind Rules Your Behavior. New York: Pantheon Books, 2012. Subliminal, a very readable book, draws on psychological research to demonstrate that our unconscious mind significantly influences our conscious thoughts and behavior. Discusses the existence of unconscious biases and stereotypes and presents some ways our conscious mind can choose to diminish them.

Progoff, Ira. At A Journal Workshop. New York: Dialogue House, 1975. Progoff was a student of Carl Jung’s. Details his approach to using a journal to gain self-awareness.

Rosenberg, Marshall. Nonviolent Communication, A Language of Life. 2nd ed. Encinitas, CA: PuddleDancer Press, 2003. Describes the approach Rosenberg developed to help people communicate without blame.

Rothberg, Donald. The Engaged Spiritual Life: A Buddhist Approach to Transforming Ourselves and the World. Boston: Beacon Press, 2006. Using a Buddhist perspective, among other things, the author helps readers open to suffering, see the connection between inner and outer transformation, transform anger, and engage in committed action while not being attached to the outcome. Exercises included.

Rothberg, Donald. Speech given at Mountain Stream Meditation Center, Nevada City, CA, December 10, 2001.

Rothberg, Donald. E-mail messages to the author, January 5, 2002 and January 17, 2002.

Salzberg, Sharon. “A Simple Yet Powerful Way to Open the Heart and Connect with Others.” Oprah.com. Accessed August 9, 2013.http://www.oprah.com/spirit/Opening-the-Heart-Through-Lovingkindness-Meditation/2.

Salzberg, Sharon. Loving Kindness Meditation: Learning to Love Through Insight Meditation. Sounds True, 1996. 2 compact discs, previously produced as 2 cassette tapes. Goes into considerable detail about Buddhist Loving Kindness, or Metta, meditation for developing compassion.

Salzberg, Sharon. Lovingkindness, The Revolutionary Art of Happiness. Boston: Shambhala, 1995. Loving Kindness, or Metta, meditation practice for developing compassion.

Salzberg, Sharon. Real Happiness: The Power of Meditation, A 28-Day Program. New York: Workman, 2011. Book and compact disc. Good introduction to meditation with guidance for developing a practice. CD has four meditations (a meditation on the breath, a meditation on emotions, a walking meditation, and the loving kindness meditation).

Samuels, Mike, and Nancy Samuels. Seeing With the Mind’s Eye: The History, Techniques and Uses of Visualization. New York: Random House, 1975. Excellent book on the technique of visualization.

Simmons, Annette. The Story Factor: Inspiration, Influence, and Persuasion Through the Art of Storytelling. 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books, 2006. Chapter 7 discusses the importance of finding common ground (similar desires, ideals, etc.) with someone you want to influence. The chapter offers valuable insights for social activists who want to create positive change by motivating or influencing others. Chapter 8 stresses the importance of listening to people we want to change.

Smith, Steven. “Loving-Kindness Meditation.” The Center for Contemplative Mind in Society. Accessed August 13, 2013.http://www.contemplativemind.org/practices/tree/loving-kindness.

Sogyal Rinpoche. The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying. Edited by Patrick Gaffney, and Andrew Harvey. San Francisco: Harper 1993. Classic book on living and dying by a great contemporary Tibetan Buddhist master. Has a number of pages related to using the Tonglen meditation, an exercise described in Chapter 12 of my book.

Steele, Claude M. “Thin Ice: Stereotype Threat and Black College Students,” The Atlantic, August 1999. Describes studies the author and his colleagues did with black students and women. Fear of being stereotyped decreased academic performance. Performance increased when it was clear no such threat existed. Article describes a program at University of Michigan that allowed black students to feel more racially secure, which had a positive effect on academic performance. The studies and program have important implications for educational institutions.
Stone, Douglas, Bruce Patton, and Sheila Heen. Difficult Conversations, How to Discuss What Matters Most. New York: Penguin, 1999. Excellent book on the subject.

Tan, Chade-Meng. “Cultivating Compassion: Meditation for Healthy Relationships.” Huffington Post Healthy Living. Article published December 22, 2009. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chademeng-tan/cultivating-compassion-me_b_401048.html.

Tarrant, John. The Dark Within the Light. New York: Harper, 1999.

Traub, Eric Lance. “Tonglen, Part 2: Detailed Instructions” Article published February 28, 2012. http://www.ericlancetraub.com/post/23771325158/tonglen-part-2-detailed-instructions.

Wegela, Karen Kissel, The Courage to be Present: Buddhism, Psychotherapy, and the Awakening of Natural Wisdom. Boston: Shambhala, 2010.

Wallace, Alan. Buddhist retreat, Lone Pine, California, July 2001.

Wallace, Alan, The Four Immeasurables: Practices to Open the Heart. 3rd ed. Edited by Zara Houshmand. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 2010.

Wallace, Alan. Interview by Bill Drake, July 29, 2001. (Broadcast at a later date on KVMR FM, Nevada City, California).

RACISM, HEALING RACISM, UNLEARNING PREJUDICE

Concerning racism, also see “Black History, Black Writers,” including writings by James Baldwin, and “Jim Crow Era/After Civil War.”

American Anthropological Association. “Statement on ‘Race.’ ” May 17, 1998.http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/racepp.htm. A beautiful statement about the sameness of all human beings. Points out that the physical variations within racial groups are much greater than the variations between such groups. “Physical variations in the human species have no meaning except the social ones that humans put on them.” The fact that all races share the same genetic material unites us as one species. “Racial myths bear no relationship to the reality of human capabilities or behavior.” “Human cultural behavior is learned, conditioned into infants beginning at birth, and always subject to modification. . . .All normal human beings have the capacity to learn any cultural behavior.” “How people have been accepted and treated within the context of a given society or culture has a direct impact on how they perform in that society. The ‘racial’ worldview was invented to assign some groups to perpetual low status, while others were permitted access to privilege, power, and wealth.” (Quotations used with permission from the AAA.)

American Anthropological Association. “Statement on ‘Race’ and Intelligence.” December 1994. http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/race.htm. The idea that race determines intelligence is a myth.

American Pastime. Directed by Desmond Nakano. Warner Brothers, 2007, motion picture on DVD. Shows the racism suffered by Japanese Americans who were confined to internment camps during World War II and the role baseball played in their lives.

“Anti-Chinese Movement and Chinese Exclusion, The Chinese in California 1850-1925.” Accessed November 16, 2013.http://www.memory.loc.gov/ammem/award99/cubhtml/theme9.html. (Author not cited.)

“The Apology Act for the 1930s Mexican Repatriation Program.” CaliforniaState Senate, SB 670. Introduced by Joseph Dunn (D-Garden Grove), February 22, 2005. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/05-06/bill/sen/sb_0651-0700/sb_670_bill_20051007_chaptered.html

Arbuckle, Janet. “An Apology to the Martin Family,” The Union (Grass Valley, CA), July 2, 2011. This article, and the incident of racism it focused on, prompted Jamal Walker and me to form an organization devoted to unlearning prejudice. Rev. Lew Powell and Cindy Santa Cruz-Reed eventually joined us.

Au, Wayne, Bill Bigelow, and Stan Karp. Rethinking our Classrooms: Teaching for Equality and Justice. Vol. 1, revised ed. Milwaukee, WI: Rethinking Schools, 2007. Revised ed. Collection of articles for teachers of K-12th grade children.

Baldwin, James. 1960. “In Search of a Majority.” In Baldwin, Collected Essays, Toni Morrison, ed., 220-221. New York: Penguin Putnam, 1998.

Berry, Wendell. The Hidden Wound. 2nd ed. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, 2010. An insightful book by a descendant of slave owners.

Bigelow, Bill. Rethinking our Classrooms: Teaching for Equality and Justice. Vol. 2. Milwaukee, WI: Rethinking Schools, 2007. Collection of articles for teachers of K-12th grade children.

Burns, Ken. Speech given at University of California at Davis, January 11, 2002. A reference for information about white hatred pertaining to black player Hank Aaron’s threat to white player Babe Ruth’s record.

Carbone, Nick. “Timeline: A History of Violence against Sikhs in the Wake of 9/11.” NewsFeed. Article written August 6, 2012.http://www.newsfeed.time.com/2012/08/06/timelline-a-history-of-violence-against. . . .

Carter, Jimmie. An Hour Before Daylight: Memoirs of a Rural Boyhood. New York: Touchstone, 2001. Wonderful biography of former president Jimmie Carter, who grew up with a close connection to the black people in his world.

Carter, Rubin. Speech and Press Conference at University of California at Davis, January 30, 2002.

Carter, Rubin. Eye of the Hurricane: My Path from Darkness to Freedom. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 2013. Carter, a black prize fighter, spent almost twenty years in prison for murders he did not commit. In part he discusses the spiritual transformation he had while incarcerated and his spiritual philosophy. (An excellent motion picture that highlights Carter’s story, and the related racial injustice, is The Hurricane, starring Denzel Washington.)

Chadwick, John, and Eman Varoqua. “New Jersey Muslims Fear Backlash,” North Jersey Media Group, September 12, 2001. http://www.bergen.com/news/muslimjc200109128. Source for some of the information pertaining to scapegoating after the September 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S.

Dalton, Harlon. Racial Healing: Confronting the Fear Between Blacks & Whites. New York: Doubleday, 1995. Insightful book written for both black and white people.

Derman-Sparks, Louise, and Julie Olsen Edwards. Anti-Bias Education for Young Children and Ourselves. Washington, D.C.:National Assoc. for the Education of Young Children, 2012. Focused on helping children understand and value differences. For eight-year-olds and younger.

Derman-Sparks, Louise, and Carol Brunson Phillips. Teaching/Learning Anti-Racism: A Developmental Approach. New York: Teachers College, ColumbiaUniversity, 1997. Helps the reader develop a curriculum for an adult or college level class.

“Do you still manufacture the Crayola Crayon color Indian red?” Accessed May 1, 2013. http://www.crayola.com/support/faq/another-topic/do-you-still-manufacture-the-crayola-crayon-color-indian-red/. (Author not cited.)

Drake, Bill. “A Message to the Black Community of Norfolk: I Apologize,” The Virginian Pilot (Norfolk, VA); “You Can Change What You Think,” San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, CA); guest editorial, The Union (Grass Valley, CA); January 19, 1998. (The same article was published in all three papers simultaneously on Martin Luther King Day 1998.)

Drake, Bill. Letter-to-the-editor, The Union (Grass Valley, CA), January 20, 1997.

Drake, Bill. “Recalling the Dream, Grass Valley Man Reflects on Growing up in a Racist Family,” The Union (Grass Valley, CA), January 17, 2011.

Drake, Bill, and Jamal Walker. “Unlearning Prejudice and Building Bridges: An Expanded Proposal,” The Union (Grass Valley, CA), December 2, 2011.

(Facing History and Ourselves. See http://www.facinghistory.org.)

Frame, Craig S. “Mexican Repatriation A Generation Between Two Borders.” 2009. http://www.public.csusm.edu/frame004/history.html.

Haskell, Caroline T., and Ann Todd Jealous, eds. Combined Destinies: Whites Sharing Grief about Racism. Sterling, VA: Potomac Books, 2013. Includes stories by 53 white people who have come to question white privilege. Some stories relate to whites who grew up with black servants with whom they had loving relationships but whom they were not allowed to experience as equals. Has chapters that address such issues as shame, guilt, and being silent in the face of racism. Encourages the reader to reflect on experiences in light of white privilege. A premise of the book is that healing takes place in our society when hearts as well as minds open.

Hassan, Hodan. E-mail message to the author, November 5, 2001. Member of Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR). Source for some of the information pertaining to scapegoating after the September 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S.

Heimann, Jim, ed. The Golden Age of Advertising: the 60s. Holn, Germany: Taschen GmbH, 2005. Examination of the ads pictured in this book show the predominance of white people, and near absence of black people, in motion pictures and mainstream ads during the 1960s.

http://www.facinghistory.org (Facing History and Ourselves). Accessed June 23, 2013. According to their website, this organization combats racism, anti-Semitism, and prejudice and nurtures democracy through educational programs worldwide.

http://www.pisab.org (The People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond). Accessed July 3, 2014. Based in New Orleans. Part of their work includes training people to undo racism in their communities as well as themselves.

http://www.tolerance.org (Southern Poverty Law Center). Organization offering teaching materials and other publications to help people unlearn prejudice. At the time of this writing, among other things, they offer PDF downloads of “Speak Up – Responding to Everyday Bigotry” (47 pages) ( http://www.tolerance.org/sites/default/files/general/speak_up_handbook.pdf), “Speak Up at School: How to Respond to Everyday Prejudice, Bias and Stereotypes,” (2 page pocket card) (http://www.tolerance.org/speak-up-at-school) and “Responding to Hate and Bias at School, a Guide for Administrators, Counselors and Teachers” (44 pages) (http://www.tolerance.org/hate-and-bias). All websites accessed June 23, 2013.

http://www.unlearningracism.org (Ricky Sherover-Marcuse). Accessed June 23, 2013. Sherover-Marcuse joined others in creating programs to help people unlearn prejudice. Website includes a number of her essays on oppression, racism, etc.

http://www.untraining.org (The UNtraining, UNtraining White Liberal Racism). Accessed July 3, 2014. Workshops for white people as well as people of color. One is titled UNtraining White Liberal Racism. Currently they do workshops in the San Francisco area and the Midwest.

The Hurricane. Directed by Norman Jewison. Universal Pictures and Beacon Pictures, 2000, motion picture on DVD. Powerful motion picture staring Denzel Washington. Based on the experience of Hurricane Rubin Carter who was falsely convicted of murder because of racism.

James, Judith M., and Nancy Peterson, eds. White Women Getting Real About Race: Their Stories About What They Learned Teaching in Diverse Classrooms. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing, 2013. Teachers sharing how they grappled with the issues of race, white privilege, etc., in diverse classrooms. Honest reflections of successes and failures. Insightful.

Janius, Dennis, contributor. “AP Poll: A Slight Majority of Americans are now Expressing Negative View of Blacks,” The Washington Post, Associated Press, October 27, 2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ap-poll-majority-of-americans. . .

Kaolin. Talking About Race: A Workbook About White People Fostering Racial Equality in Their Lives. Roselle, NJ: Crandall, Dostie & Douglass Books, 2010. It evolved out of a college class the author taught and includes many questions for reflection. Can be used by individuals, study groups, or high school or college classes. The author and I differ on the use of the word “racist.”

Kivel, Paul. Uprooting Racism: How White People can Work for Racial Justice. 3rd ed. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society, 2011. Looks at the role white people can play in creating racial equality while offering strategies and guidelines. Discusses what it means to be white, the dynamics of racism, being an ally for oppressed people, and fighting institutional racism. Exercises help readers explore their relationship to these subjects. A good book.

Lovato, Francisco. Survivor: An American Soldier’s Heartfelt Story of Intense Fighting, Surrender, and Survival from Bataan to Nagasaki. Nevada City, CA: Del Oro Press, 2008. Used as reference related to Japanese enslavement of prisoners of war during World War II.

McGoey, Chris E. “Shoplifting Profiling, A Retail Loss Prevention Tool.” Accessed November 30, 2013. http://www.crimedoctor.com/shoplifter-profiling.htm. Discusses racial profiling of blacks and the fact that most shoplifters are white.

Mecoy, Laura. “Arab Americans Suffer from Violent Backlash,” Sacramento Bee, September 14, 2001. Reference pertaining to scapegoating after the September 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S.

Mecoy, Laura. “Hate Crimes Often Tough to Prosecute,” Sacramento Bee, November 24, 2001.

Norris, Michele. The Grace of Silence: A Family Memoir. New York: Vintage Books, 2010. A black woman’s memoir that describes the racism her family experienced in the North as well as family memories related to racism in the South.

Norris, Susan. E-mail message to the author, December 18, 2013. Permissions assistant, American Anthropological Association. She noted that I can use excerpts from the AAA’s website statements related to race as long as correctly quoted and properly cited.

Ostrow, Nicole. “Black and Asian Teens Have Lowest Rates of Drug and Alcohol Use,” Businessweek, November 9, 2011.

(The People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond, see http://www.pisab.org.)

Pollock, Mica, ed. Everyday Antiracism. New York: The New Press, 2008. Collection of articles for school administrators and teachers related to helping students overcome racism.

Price, Jay. “Study: White Kids More Likely to Abuse Drugs,” The Seattle Times, November 12, 2011.

Robertson, Blair Anthony. “A Battle Over Language and Race Erupts at City Hall,” Sacramento Bee, November 10, 2001.

Robertson, Blair Anthony. “Councilwoman Apologizes, But Qualifies That,”Sacramento Bee, November 21, 2001.

Robinson, B. A. “Aftermath of the 9-11 Terrorist Attack, Attacks on Muslims.” Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. Accessed December 17, 2001.http://www.religioustolerance.org/reac_ter1.

Roithmayr, Daria. Reproducing Racism: How Everyday Choices Lock in White Advantage. New York: New YorkUniversity, 2014. How the system of white privilege perpetuates itself.

Sawyer, Diane, host. True Colors. ABC Primetime, September 26, 1991. Part 1:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyL5EcAwB9c; Part 2:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOS3BBmUxvs. Seventeen-minute film giving a shocking demonstration of the racism black people experience in America.

“Sex Trafficking: Facts & Figures.” Tolerance Equality Awareness Movement. Accessed February 13, 2012. http://www.teamwmi.org/educational-information/human-trafficking-facts-figures/ (Author not cited.)

(Sherover-Marcuse, Ricky, see: http://www.unlearningracism.org)

(Southern PovertyLawCenter, see: http://www.tolerance.org)

Szalavitz, Maria. “Study: Whites More Likely to Abuse Drugs Than Blacks,”Time, November 7, 2011.

Taylor, Jeremy. “Education to Counter Oppression at Starr King,” 2004. Accessed February 2012.http://www.jeremytaylor.com/pages/socialjustice.html. Insightful article on how repression, and projecting traits that are in oneself onto others, play a major role in oppression. (Note: when this website was accessed again on June 23, 2013, the title of the article had changed to “Dream Work and Education to Counter Oppression: Some Important Unconscious Psychological Considerations.”)

(The UNtraining, UNtraining White Liberal Racism, seehttp://www.untraining.org.)

Vasquez, Hugh, and Isoke Feme. No Boundaries: A Manual for Unlearning Oppression and Building Multicultural Alliances. Oakland, CA: TODOS: Sherover Simms Allinace Building Institute, 1993. Manual for workshops related to unlearning prejudice.

Washington, Jesse. “Arrest Puts Focus on Issue of Racial Profiling in Stores,” Associated Press, The Sacramento Bee, November 30, 2013, B6.

“Why does the color ‘flesh’ not appear in the 1958 limited edition box of 64?” Accessed May 1, 2013. http://www.crayola.com/support/faq/another-topic/why-does-the-color-quotfleshquot-not-appear-in-the-1958-limited-edition-box-of-64/. (Author not cited.) Refers to Crayola’s reproduction of a set of 1958 crayons.

Wise, Tim. Affirmative Action: Racial Preference in Black and White.New York: Routledge, 2005. Examines arguments for and against affirmative action and makes an excellent case in favor of it.

Wise, Tim. Colorblind, The Rise of Post-Racial Politics and the Retreat from Racial Equality. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2010.

Zeller, Jr., Tom. “The Politics of Apology for Japan’s ‘Comfort Women,’” New York Times, March 5, 2007.http://www.thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/03/05/the-politics-of-apology-for-japans-comfort-women/?scp=2&sq=WWII+sex+slaves&st=nyt.

Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States. 5th ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2003. Tells U.S. history from the point of view of social groups that have been marginalized and oppressed.

SLAVERY

Both Paul Escott’s Slavery Remembered and George Rawick’s From Sundown to Sunup could be included in this section, but I have put them in the next one due to their relationship to the slave narratives.

12 Years a Slave. Directed by Steve McQueen. Fox Searchlight Pictures, 2013, motion picture. Powerful and very intense movie based on the memoir of a former slave.

Crafts, Hannah. The Bondwoman’s Narrative. Edited by Henry Lois Gates, Jr. New York: Warner Books, 2002. A novel about slavery. The only known novel written by a slave woman.

Davis, David Brion. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 2006. Davis is a respected authority on the subject of slavery.

Grant, William R. Slavery and the Making of America. PBS, 2005, 4 DVDs. Excellent documentary narrated by Morgan Freeman. Dramatized history of slavery in America.

Hersberger, Kevin Richard. Up From Slavery. Mill Creek Entertainment, 2011, 7 DVDs. Well-done five-hour documentary series using historical reenactments to cover the history of slavery in America.

Horton, James Oliver, and Lois E. Horton. Slavery and the Making of America. New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 2005. Companion to PBS series with same name. Richly illustrated history of American slavery.

Kivisto, Peter. Americans All: Race and Ethnic Relations in Historical, Structural, and Comparative Perspectives. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 1995.

Kolchin, Peter. American Slavery 1619-1877. New York: Hill and Wang, 1993. A scholarly overview of American slavery.

“Names of Slave Owners,” Tallahatchie County, Mississippi, July 1860. Notes that my great-grandfather, Lt. Col. W. H. FitzGerald, and Greek Polan Rice (Sr.), the grandfather of my uncle, Greek Polan Rice, each owned one slave at the time.

“The Origin and Nature of New World Slavery, Life Under Slavery Period: 1600-1860.” The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, Gilder Lehrman History Online, 2001, http://www.gliah.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=74. (Author not cited.)

Schneider, Dorothy, and Carl J. Schneider. Slavery in America. 2nd ed. New York: Checkmark Books, 2007. Important resource on slavery that includes personal testimonies.

Tadman, Michael. Speculators and Slaves: Masters, Traders, and Slaves in the Old South. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1989. Discusses the business of trading slaves.

SLAVE NARRATIVES

Aside from Frederick Douglass’, Isaac Johnson’s, and Booker T. Washington’s autobiographies, and God Struck Me Dead, the following sources pertain to an enormous project undertaken by the U. S. Work Projects Administration (WPA) from 1936 through 1938. (From Sundown to Sunup draws on this material as well as supplemental material.) During that time, WPA employees interviewed over 2,300 former slaves in seventeen states about their experiences of slavery and reconstruction. The project itself was called “The Federal Writers Project.” These priceless narratives, as well as 500 photographs of narrators, are held by the Library of Congress. Several sources have produced copyrighted material based on the narratives. Among my references that follow, this includes:Remembering Slavery, Slavery Remembered, Unchained Memories (DVD),Unchained Memories, and When I was a Slave. Slavery Remembered, by Paul Escott, gives a valuable assessment of slavery based on a thorough analysis of the ex-slaves’ reports. The wonderful resource Remembering Slavery includes an MP3 CD with recordings of some of the narrations.

Having been produced by a government agency, the narratives themselves are in the public domain and can be utilized for commercial use without permission. The Library of Congress makes them available athttp://www.memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/. See description under “Born in Slavery” below. I found another internet site and four book publishers that make, or have made, some or all of the information available in non-copyright form. The internet site is Gutenberg.org, which makes the entire narrative collection (via ebooks) and many or all of the related photographs available. See description below under “Project Gutenberg.” The four printed sources include: (1) The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, edited by George P. Rawick, the first public presentation of the entire collection (1972); (2) Slave Narratives: a Folk History of Slavery in the United States – From Interviews with Former Slaves, Filiquarian Publishing/Qontro Classic Books; (3) Slave Narratives, Applewood Books; and (4) American Slave Interviews, Mountain Waters Pty Ltd.

Furthermore, in 1977 and 1979 Greenwood Press published two supplementary series to The American Slave, edited by George Rawick, totaling twenty-two additional volumes of interviews. Many of these were found in various state and local archives. Some of these narratives had originally been collected for the WPA but had not been turned in to the national office.

The state name for each volume of the narratives reflects where the individuals were living when they were interviewed, not necessarily what state or states they lived in when they were slaves.

Over 575 testimonies by ex-slaves were studied for material to supplement this book’s first chapter. Quotations from the narratives that are used in that chapter were obtained from publications by Applewood Books, Filiquarian Publishing/Qontro Classic Books, and Mountain Waters Pty Ltd. Numerous excepts from these narratives, organized in categories, can be found on my website, www.almosthereditaryunlearningprejudice.com.

Alabama Narratives. Vol. I, Slave Narratives: American Slave Interviews. San Bernadino, CA: Mountain Waters Pty Ltd, 2012. Prepared by the Federal Writer’s Project of the Public Works Administration for the State of Alabama. Washington 1941.

Berlin, Ira, Marc Favreau, and Steven F. Miller, eds. Remembering Slavery: African Americans Talk About Their Personal Experiences of Slavery and Emancipation. New York: The New Press, 1996. Based on slave narratives collected in the 1930s. Includes discussions related to slavery as well as personal narratives by former slaves. Important resource on the subject. Includes MP3 CD of recordings of former slaves sharing their experiences.

“Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936-1938.” Library of Congress. http://www.memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/. Website offering access to over 2,300 slave narratives. Two hundred related photographs can be accessed on the Library of Congress website (http://www.loc.gov/pictures/search/?q=federal%20writers%20project%20slave%20narrative) and downloaded for free. (LOC websites accessed June 2012.)

Crafts, Hannah. The Bondwoman’s Narrative. Edited by Henry Lois Gates, Jr. New York: Warner Books, 2002. A novel about slavery. The only known novel written by a slave woman.

Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. New York: Bonanza Books, 1962. Reprinted from the revised edition of 1892. Very interesting autobiography by a former slave who became an advisor to President Lincoln and one of the most influential black people of his time. First 200 of the book’s 620 pages pertain to Douglass’ years in slavery.

Escott, Paul D. Slavery Remembered: A Record of Twentieth-Century Slave Narratives. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1979. A scientific and thorough analysis of 2,400 slave narratives recorded in the 1930s. Very valuable for getting an overview of the narratives in terms of the overall experience of the slaves. Chapters pertain to the slaves’ experiences on the plantation, forms of slave resistance, the basis of a black culture, freedom, and so on.

Georgia Narratives. Vol. IV, part 1, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves. Filiquarian Publishing/Qontro Classic Books. Prepared by the Federal Writers’ Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of Georgia. Washington 1941.

Georgia Narratives. Vol. IV, part 3, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States. Filiquarian Publishing/Qontro Classic Books. Prepared by the Federal Writers’ Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of Georgia. Washington 1941.

Glover, Jacqueline, and Thomas Lennon. Unchained Memories. HBO, 2003, DVD. An excellent 75-min. documentary consisting of readings of slave narratives by well known personalities (Ossie Davis, Oprah Winfrey, and others). (Program was weakened a little by including off-script filming of the readers at times such as when they were preparing to do their reading.)

Johnson, Clifton H., ed. God Struck Me Dead: Voices of Ex-Slaves. Cleveland: The Pilgrim Press, 1969. Collection of 38 ex-slave narratives related to their religious conversion. Includes an essay on black religious services.

Johnson, Isaac. Slavery Days in Old Kentucky. Ogdensburg, NY: Republican and Journal Company, 1994. Facsimile of 1901 edition. An ex-slave’s story. Johnson’s mother was a slave from Madagascar. His white father, who inherited her from his father, sold her and the children they had together on the auction block.

North Carolina Narratives. Vol. XI, part 1, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States. Filiquarian Publishing/Qontro Classic Books. Prepared by the Federal Writers’ Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of North Carolina. Work Projects Administration. Washington, 1941.

Project Gutenberg. Accessed June 23, 2013.http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/3906. This website offers, in ebook form, the complete collection of 34 volumes related to the Work Projects Administration slave narratives recorded in the 1930s. The first volume is introductory and the remaining 33 consist of narratives from 17 states. These are in the public domain via Gutenberg and can be quoted without permission. They also offer photographs related to each volume. See website for terms of use in regards to reproducing complete volumes.

Rawick, George P. From Sundown to Sunup: The Making of the Black Community. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Company, 1972. Introduction to a series of volumes of slave narratives. Author draws from extensive knowledge of narratives. Principle focus is the creation of the black community under slavery. Also discusses the religion of slaves, treatment of slaves, the black family under slavery, slave resistance, racism and slavery, and other subjects.

Slave Narratives From the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936-1938: Maryland.Bedford, MA: Applewood Books. In cooperation with the Library of Congress. Volume VIII in the Works Project Administration series.

Slave Narratives From the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936-1938: Mississippi.Bedford, MA: Applewood Books. In cooperation with the Library of Congress. Volume IX in the Works Project Administration series.

Slave Narratives From the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936-1938: Missouri.Bedford, MA: Applewood Books. In cooperation with the Library of Congress. Volume X in the Works Project Administration series. This volume only has about half of the Missouri narratives (James Monroe Abbot through Fil Hancock).

South Carolina Narratives. Vol. XIV, part 1, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States. Filiquarian Publishing/Qontro Classic Books. Prepared by the Federal Writers’ Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of South Carolina. Work Projects Administration. Washington, 1941.

Texas Narratives. Vol. XVI, part 1, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States. Filiquarian Publishing/Qontro Classic Books. Prepared by the Federal Writers’ Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of Texas. Work Projects Administration. Washington, 1941.

Unchained Memories: Readings from the Slave Narratives. New York: Bulfinch Press, 2002. A companion book to the HBO documentary. Readings arranged by chapters: slave auctions, work, family, living conditions, abuse, special occasions, the runaway, and emancipation.

Virginia. Vol. XVII, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States. Filiquarian Publishing/Qontro Classic Books. Prepared by the Federal Writers’ Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of Virginia. Work Projects Administration. Washington, 1941.

Washington, Booker T. Up from Slavery. New York: Dover, 1955. Washington’s autobiography written in 1901. First eleven pages pertain to his boyhood in slavery.

Yetman, Norman R., ed. When I Was a Slave. New York: Dover, 2002. Thirty-four slave narrations collected in the 1930s.

PHOTOGRAPHS OF FORMER SLAVES RELATED TO SLAVE NARRATIVES

Photographs of ex-slaves associated with the Work Projects Administration’s collection of slave narratives. This project is described at the beginning of the preceding section in this bibliography. The 231 photographs, none of which were used for this book, can be downloaded at no charge from the Library of Congress website (http://www.loc.gov/pictures/search/?q=federal%20writers%20project%20slave%20narrative). Proper credit should be given to the LOC. (The photographs I used were accessed 2013.)

PHOTOGRAPHS RELATED TO SLAVERY

The following pictures from the days of slavery were used for Chapter 1. They are in the public domain and can be downloaded from the Library of Congress website for free. Proper credit should be given to the LOC. To search for LOC photographs (except for those related to the slave narratives):http://www.loc.gov/pictures/search. Their photographs are from the “prints and photographs” division (P&P). Accessed 2013.

PLANTATION HOUSES

“General view of plantation house – Melrose Plantation, State Highway 119, Melrose, Natchitoches Parish, LA.” Frank, Hampson, 1980. Library of Congress, HABS LA,35-MELRO,1—4 (P&P). http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/la0105/.

“Northwest front – Laurel Hill Plantation House, Rodney & Red Licks Roads, Rodney, Jefferson County, MS.” Jack E. Boucher, 1972. Library of Congress, HABS MISS,32-ROD.V,1—1 (P&P). http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ms0191/.

SLAVE QUARTERS

“GENERAL VIEW AND WEST SIDE OF SLAVE QUARTERS, LOCATED SOUTHEAST OF POLK HOUSE HABS TENN, 31-BERSP, 2A-1 – Old Beersheba Inn, Polk House (Cottage), Armfield Avenue, Beersheba Springs, Grundy County, TN.” Library of Congress, HABS TENN,31-BERSP,2—10 (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/tn0228.photos.153244p/.

“Historic American Buildings Survey James Butters, Photographer April 10, 1936 FRONT VIEW (WEST ELEVATION) – Concord Slave Quarters & Ruins, Natchez, Adams County, MS.” Library of Congress, HABS MISS,1-NATCH.V,10—2 (P&P). http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ms0126.photos.092847p/.

“Historic American Buildings Survey John O. Brostrup, Photographer September 4, 1936 10:50 A. M. VIEW OF SLAVE QUARTERS FROM SOUTHWEST (front.) – Rock Hall & Slave Quarters, Dickerson, Montgomery County, MD.” Library of Congress, HABS MD,11-____,4—6 (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/md0211.photos.081897p/.

“Historic American Buildings Survey W. N. Manning, Photography, June 13, 1933. LOG CABIN ON PLANTATION (FROM SNAPSHOT) – Womack-Crenshaw Plantation, County Road 54, Greenville, Butler County, AL.” Dog trot house. Library of Congress, HABS ALA,7-____,4—17 (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/al0042.photos.007744p/.

“Photograph of Slave Cabin and Occupants Near Eufala, Barbour County, Alabama.” Between 1936 and 1938. Library of Congress. Digital ID: mesnp 010000 (P&P). http://www.memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?mesnbib:1:./temp/~ammem_WxnE::

http://memory.loc.gov/mss/mesn/mesnp/010/010000v.jpg.

SLAVES

“‘Auction & Negro Sales,’ Whitehall Street.” George N. Barnard, 1864, Atlanta, GA, during Gen. Sherman’s occupation of the city. Library of Congress, LC-DIG-cwpb-03351 (digital file from original neg. of left half) LC-DIG-cwpb-03350 (digital file from original neg. of right half) LC-B8171-3608 (b&w film copy neg.) (P&P). http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/cwp2003000884/PP/.

“Five generations on Smith’s Plantation, Beaufort, South Carolina.” Timothy H. O’Sullivan, 1862. Library of Congress, LC-B8171-152-A (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98504449/.

“Gordon as he entered our lines. Gordon under medical inspection. Gordon in his uniform as a U.S. soldier.” Wood engraving from photograph by McPherson & Oliver, illustrated in Harper’s Weekly, July 4, 1863. Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-98515 (P&P). http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/89716298/. Only the image of scars on his back was used for this book.

“A group of ‘contrabands.’” Slaves taken from plantation owner by Union troops. Photographed at the Foller Plantation in Cumberland Landing, Pamunkey Run, Virginia by James F. Gibson, May 14, 1862. Library of Congress: LC-DIG-stereo-1s02760 (digital file from original stereograph, front) LC-DIG-stereo-2s02760 (digital file from original stereograph, back) LC-USZ62-57025 (b&w film copy neg. from dup. stereo) (P&P). http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011660086/. This double image picture was reproduced as a single photograph with Photoshop.

“Iron mask, collar, leg shackles and spurs used to restrict slaves.” Created Samuel Wood, 1807. Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-31864 (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98504457/.

“Slave pen, Alexandria, Va.” Interior view showing the doors of cells where the slaves were held before being sold. Photographed between 1861 and 1865. Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-46763 (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98510275/.

“Wilson Chinn, a branded slave from Louisiana – Also exhibiting instruments of torture used to punish slaves.” Photographed by Kimball, 1863. Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-90345 (P&P).http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96524703/.

WHITE PRIVILEGE

Jensen, Robert. The Heart of Whiteness: Confronting Race, Racism, and White Privilege. San Francisco: City Light, 2005. Intended to help white people become aware of white privilege. Makes the case that America is a white supremacist country.

Roithmayr, Daria. Reproducing Racism: How Everyday Choices Lock in White Advantage. New York: NYU Press, 2014. Examines how white privilege automatically perpetuates itself from one generation to the next.

Kendall, Frances E. Understanding White Privilege: Creating Pathways to Authentic Relationships Across Race. New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2006. Very good collection of writings.

McIntosh, Peggy. “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack.” Accessed May 2, 2013. http://www.amptoons.com/blog/files/mcintosh.html. Web site notes that it is excerpted from “Working Paper 189, White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences through Work in Women’s Studies,” 1988. Classic article on white privilege. Includes a lengthy list of privileges the author has experienced as a white person.

Roithmayr, Daria. Reproducing Racism: How Everyday Choices Lock in White Advantage. New York: NYU Press, 2014. Examines how white privilege automatically perpetuates itself from one generation to the next.

Rothenberg, Paula S. White Privilege: Essential Readings on the Other Side of Racism. 4th ed. New York: Worth Publishers, 2012. By a consultant who specializes in issues of diversity, social justice, and white privilege.

http://www.timwise.org (Time Wise). Accessed June 23, 2013. Website for one of our country’s foremost white critics of white privilege and racism.

http://www.whiteprivilegeconference.org. Accessed August 13, 2014.

The White Privilege Conference, also WPCUniversity, and DiversityUniversity, see http://www.whiteprivilegeconference.org.

Wise, Tim. “The Pathology of White Privilege: Racism, White Denial, & The Costs of Inequality.” Mt. Holyoke College, Massachusetts, October 2007. Videotape of speech. Accessed November 30, 2013.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SIINVfqnxw.

Wise, Tim. “They ‘Want Their Country Back:’ Racial Nostalgia and White Anxiety in an Era of Change.” Speech given at SierraCollege, Rocklin, CA, January 19, 2012.

Wise, Tim. White Like Me, Reflections on Race from a Privileged Son. 2nd ed. New York: Soft Skull Press, 2008. Tim Wise is probably the foremost white anti-racist in the U.S. today. Among other things, he speaks eloquently on the matter of white privilege, which is a focus of this book. A number of his speeches can be found on the Internet (YouTube, etc.).

MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES

1960 Census, Section 1: Population, table number 15, 26. Accessed on the internet May 1, 2013. 1961-02 Census report.pdf.

The American Heritage Dictionary. 5th ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012.

New Oxford American Dictionary. 3rd ed. New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 2010.

Rumi. The Essential Rumi. Translated by Coleman Barks. Edison, NJ: Castle Books, 1997.

Webster’s All-In-One Dictionary & Thesaurus. 2nd ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 2013.

Webster’s American English Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 2011.

Webster’s New Universal Unabridged Dictionary. 2nd ed. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.

Bibliography: Almost Hereditary

Bibliography